Robinson Genealogy

    Nadene Goldfoot                                                         
In rechecking my genealogy tree, I was going through a branch I thought that my ggreat grandfather might belong to, and ran across a famous artist.  Being that oil painting has been my hobby, and that I see artistic talent in my only grandchild, I thought this most exciting.  Our artist didn't have a long life, though, being he had asthma, something I've also been afflicted with. Luckily, doctors of today have asthma in control, at least they have been for me.

12/5//10 Theodore was born on June 3, 1852.   He died at the young age of 43 years  9 months 30 days.  He was a well known artist.  He died of asthma in New York. (from Donna Robinson).  Below from Wikipedia:
Robinson was born in Irasburg, Vermont. His family moved to Wisconsin, and Robinson briefly studied art in Chicago. In 1874 he journeyed to New York City to attended classes at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League. In 1876 he traveled to Paris to study under Carolus-Duran and, at the École des Beaux-Arts, with Jean-Léon Gérôme. He exhibited his first paintings in Paris in 1877, and spent the summer of that year at Grez-sur-Loing. After trips to Venice and Bologna, he returned to the United States in 1879 for several years. During this time Robinson painted in a realist manner, loosely brushed but not yet impressionistic, often depicting people engaged in quiet domestic or agrarian pursuits.
                                                                             

A French Hamlet, 1892

In 1884 Robinson returned to France where he would live for the next eight years, visiting America only occasionally. Robinson gravitated to Giverny, which had become a center of French impressionist art under the influence of Claude Monet.
                                                                           
Historians are unclear when Robinson met Monet, but by 1888 their friendship was enough for Robinson to move in next door to the famous impressionist. Robinson's art shifted to a more traditional impressionistic manner during this time, likely due to Monet's influence. While a number of American artists had gathered at Giverny, none were as close to Monet as Robinson. Monet offered advice to Robinson, and he likewise solicited Robinson for opinions on Monet's own works in progress.

Not only did he take to heart Monet´s theoretical admonitions and his requirement to portray the beauties and mystery of nature in a manner stringently truthful to one's personal vision, but he also studied works that were available to him in "The Master´s" studio. For instance, Capri, painted in 1890, was probably inspired by Monet´s paintings of the cliffs at Varengeville, Pourville, and Etretat and the rocks at Bell-Ile of the early 1880s.
                                                                           
La Débâcle, 1892, collection: Scripps College, Claremont, CaliforniaAt Giverny, Robinson painted what art historians regard as some of his finest works. These depicted the surrounding countryside in different weather, in the plein air tradition, sometimes with women shown in leisurely poses. An example of his mature work during this period is La Débâcle (1892) in the collection of Scripps College, Claremont California.
                                                                         
While his reputation as an important American impressionst was growing, Robinson still needed to teach to support himself. He also harbored doubts about the quality of his work.
                                                                     
In 1895 enjoyed a productive period in Vermont, and in February 1896 he wrote to Monet about returning to Giverny, but in April he died of an acute asthma attack in New York City. He was 43 years old.[2]

Today Robinson's paintings are in the collections of many major museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City; the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; and the Art Institute of Chicago.
                                                                       

Robinson's 1892 Wedding March

Theodore Robinson (July 3, 1852 – April 2, 1896) was an American painter best known for his impressionist landscapes. He was one of the first American artists to take up impressionism in the late 1880s, visiting Giverny and developing a close friendship with Claude Monet. Several of his works are considered masterpieces of American Impressionism.
                                                                     
                                                                           

My mother, Mildred Elizabeth Goldfoot nee Robinson

My 4th Grade Student

My updated attempt following Cezanne's Boy in Red Vest This is my son while in high school, wearing his favorite red vest

How many of us might have inherited his artistic talent?  I'd sure love to be on his family tree!

Descendants of Elijah Robinson, Rev.

1  Elijah Robinson, Rev. b: August 21, 1817 in Jamaica, Windham, Vermont d: March 10, 1887 in Evansville, Rock, Wisconsin
.. +Ellen Lillian Brown b: January 26, 1826 in Jamaica, Windham, Vermont d: May 24, 1881 in Evansville, Wisconsin
. 2  Hamlin Elijah Robinson b: April 22, 1845 in Battleboro, Windham, Vermont d: Bef. 1920 in Maryville, Nodaway, Missouri
..... +Florence Annette Donaldson b: June 1847 in New York d: Aft. January 1920 in prob. Springfield, Wd 1, Greene, Missouri
. 2  Ellen Hannah Robinson b: July 30, 1850 in Jamaica, Athens, Vermont/Irasburg, Vermont d: October 03, 1864 in Evansville, Wisconsin
. 2  Theodore Pierson Robinson b: June 03, 1852 in Irasburg, Orleans, Vermont d: April 02, 1896 in New York City, New York
. 2  John Cheney Robinson b: December 1859 in Whitewater, Walworth, Wisconsin d: Aft. January 1920 in prob. Union, Rock, Wisconsin
..... +Mary May F. Emery b: June 1859 in Wisconsin d: Aft. January 1920 in prob. Union, Rock,  Wisconsin
. 2  Grant Robinson b: 1864 d: 1864
. 2  Mary Robinson b: 1865 d: 1865

Reference:  https://www.google.com/search?q=theodore+pierson+robinson+landscape+paintings,+pictures&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjwyuTeoJvXAhVHx2MKHbw5DVwQ7AkIRQ&biw=1920&bih=974

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                     

Townshend,  Windham, Vermont

I've been rechecking my work on my tree and came to the idea that Abiathar Smith Robinson, my ggrandfather,  must tell us that Smith is the maiden name of his mother.  That's why I've always thought that Hiram Robinson married to Sally Smith were his parents.  None of the other possible fathers have this connection of a Smith woman.

Abiathar seems to be an unusual biblical name seldom used.  I looked at Amaziah Robinson's 1840 census and it just fits. It shows that his unknown wife must have been 45 or close to it to have a son from 10-14, and Abiathar at 11 years of age in 1840 would have just fit in this family.  His wife would have been 45 years old when Abiathar was born, explaining why there weren't more children born.  Amaziah was the same age as his wife.

Amaziah is a biblical name like Abiathar.  This is what caught my attention.  A man like Amaziah might name his son in a similar fashion.  In fact, this might denote that they were quite religious.
                                                                   
 Amaziah of Judah, pronounced /æməˈzaɪ.ə/, was a king of Judah, the son and successor of Joash. His mother was Jehoaddan (2 Kings 14:1–4) and his son was Uzziah (2 Chronicles 26:1). ... The Hebrew Bible considers him a righteous king.  David was king of Judah, and so was his son, Solomon.  
                                                                      

Abiathar (אֶבְיָתָר, Evyatar, "the [divine] father is pre-eminent" or "father of plenty"), in the Hebrew Bible, son of Ahimelech or Ahijah, High Priest at Nob, the fourth in descent from Eli (1 Sam. 23:6) and the last of Eli's House.  Abiathar was the only one of the priests to escape from Saul's massacre;  he fled to David at Keilah, taking with him the ephod and other priestly regalia (1 Sam. 22:20 f., 23:6, 9). He was of great service to David.

The fact that we've never seen any brother mentioned on the 1870 and 1880 or even 1900 census shows he may not have had any siblings, as the 1840 shows.  There were just 3 in the family of the appropriate ages.  

There are two other Abiathars listed in this era. 
Descendants of Abiathar Robinson

1  [1] Abiathar Robinson b: June 22, 1788 in Foxborough, Norfolk,  Massachusetts d: May 02, 1853 in Foxborough, Norfolk,  Massachusetts
.. +Nancy Fisher b: Abt. 1799 in prob Foxborough, Norfolk, Massachusetts
*2nd Wife of [1] Abiathar Robinson:
.. +Lucretia H. Strange b: November 14, 1800 in Taunton,  Bristol, Massachusetts
*3rd Wife of [1] Abiathar Robinson:

.. +Laura Ann Smith b: Abt. 1790 in Foxborough, Norfolk, Massachusetts
   I even have another Amaziah on our vast tree:
Descendants of Amaziah Amasiah Amassah Wilson Robinson

1  [1] Amaziah Amasiah Amassah Wilson Robinson b: November 15, 1825 in Athens, prob. Jamaica, Windham, Vermont d: June 02, 1904 in Pelham, Hampshire, Massachusetts
.. +Freedom Whitney b: 1825
*2nd Wife of [1] Amaziah Amasiah Amassah Wilson Robinson:
.. +Harriet Hewitt b: 1830 in Vermont d: December 28, 1899 in Prob. Pelham, Hampshire, Massachusetts
*3rd Wife of [1] Amaziah Amasiah Amassah Wilson Robinson:
.. +Diantha Holloway b: December 1843 in Massachusetts

This seems to indicate a certain amount of religious observance in these Robinsons.  The names like Hiram, Amos, Elijah and Eli were also very popular, names from the Old Testament.  
                                               

Notice, Townshend's neighbors are Jamaica and Athens.

s

                                                   Descendants of Amaziah Robinson

1  Amaziah Robinson b: January 01, 1785 in Athens, Windham, Vermont d: February 12, 1852 in Townshend, Windham, Vermont
.. +Unknown b: Abt. 1784 in Athens, Windham, Vermont d: in Townshend, Windham, Vermnt
. 2  [1] Abiathar Smith Robinson b: December 1829 in New York/  Tunbridge, Orange/ Jamaica, Windham, Vermont d: October 07, 1904 in Wenona, Marshall, Illinois
..... +Julia Ann Tuller b: December 18, 1834 in Royalton, Windsor, Vermont d: December 02, 1887 in Wenona, Marshall, Illinois
. *2nd Wife of [1] Abiathar Smith Robinson:
..... +Mary Jane Deffenbaugh Walters b: November 27, 1832 in Hocking County, Ohio d: July 05, 1918 in Streator, Illinois, age 85

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                 

Conestoga Wagon handling 6 tons

                                                                   

Abiathar and Julia Ann Robinson went to Canada from Royalton and Tunbridge, Vermont because  their 3rd child, Nellie Elizabeth Robinson born in October of 1857, was born in Upper Canada, which was English.    "The American Revolution attracted British loyalists from America to the region around Sherbrooke, a manufacturing center, who began to covet the land and obtain government grants."                                                 

The distance between Royalton, Vermont and Montreal, Canada is 261.9 km or 162 miles Today it would take us 2 hours and 46 minute on I-89S.   Abiathar and Julia would have traveled by Conestoga Wagon, as pictured above.  It could carry 6 tons of themselves and their possessions.  " In Canada, the Conestoga wagons were used by Pennsylvania German migrants who left the United States for Southern Ontario, Canada.

                                                                             

This truck only handles 2 tons

The Civil War would take place starting on April 12, 1861 with the Confederates attaching Fort Sumpter in South Carolina shortly after President Abe Lincoln's inauguration. Was this the reason that the Robinsons left Vermont for Canada across the way?  Did they suspect it would happen?  Why did they leave Vermont for an even colder climate? 
                                                                   
There was the Underground Railroad.  "It was formed in the late 1700s, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860. One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the "Railroad."
Emma Robinson was then born in August of 1861 while in Canada.
John C. Robinson was born on April 21, 1864 in Montreal, Canada, the English section.
                                                                         
The Civil War was soon over on May 9, 1865, though the last shot was fired a month later on June 22nd.

I found that Julia Robinson was born in 1865 in Vermont, though she wasn't on the 1870 or 1880 census.  I found a death date of 1903 for her.  Was she a part of this family?  I think her name has been added incorrectly.

William S. Robinson was then born in June of 1867 in Wenona, Marshall, Illinois, where Abiathar and Julia Ann remained and where they were buried.

Julia Ann's brother, Albert Clark Tullar b: February, 1843 in Royalton, Vermont, had lived next door to each other on the August 11, 1870 census in Wenona, Illinois.     Albert was a Reverend.  Albert's first son, Byron Monroe Tullar, was born in Canada, the English part on June 21, 1860.  (Albert lived next door to Abiatha Smith Robinson and his sister Julia Ann at age 27 on the 1870 census.  He was a brick mason.
At the time he was married to Martha, and had three children; Fred, Frank and Wesesoror.   He had a 10 year old boy living with him born in Canada that I cannot read the name of.  It looks like Munsos (Munroe) and he was white.  This boy is his first son Byron going by his middle name.)   Albert's 3rd son was born in Wenona, Marshall, Illinois, so the brother in laws were staying pretty close.  Did they go to Canada together?  That 2nd son was born in nearby New York.  People seemed to move around as much as we often do.                                 

1  [3] Alonzo Charles Tuller b: October 22, 1809 in St. Albans, Vermont (Franklin County) d: January 29, 1870 in Rockwell, LaSalle, Illinois
.. +Asenith Asinith Durkee b: 1814 in Royalton, Windsor County, Vermont d: 1868 in Royalton, Windsor County, Vermont/Rockwell, Illinois
. 2  Julia Ann Tuller b: December 18, 1834 in Royalton, Windsor, Vermont d: December 02, 1887 in Wenona, Marshall, Illinois
..... +Abiathar Smith Robinson b: December 1829 in New York/  Tunbridge, Orange/ Jamaica, Windham, Vermont d: October 07, 1904 in Wenona, Marshall, Illinois
. 2  Samuel Tullar b: February 1840 in Tunbridge, Vermont d: Aft. 1900 in prob. Worcester City, Worcester County, Massachusetts
..... +Maria Keef b: December 25, 1837 in Shefford, Quebec , Canada d: Aft. 1900 in prob. Worcester City, Worcester County, Massachusetts
. 2  Edwin Tullar b: April 1840 in Royalton, Vermont d: May 04, 1907 in Fort Dodge, Iowa
..... +Jane Ann McLean b: November 1835 in Vermont/Shefford, Quebec, Eastern Canada d: September 09, 1915 in Quimby, Iowa
. 2  Albert Abner Clark Tullar, Reverend b: February 1843 in Royalton, Vermont d: 1895 in Fort Dodge, Webster, Iowa
..... +Martha M. Lathrop b: 1841 in Franklin County, Franklin, New York d: Aft. 1910 in Iowa ?
. 2  Olive Tullar b: 1846 in Royalton, Vermont
..... +Calvin Jones b: Abt. 1846
. 2  [1] Alonzo Julius Tullar b: July 1849 in Royalton, Vermont d: September 30, 1933 in Storm Lake, Buena Vista, Iowa, age 84
..... +Jane Unknown b: Abt. 1849
. *2nd Wife of [1] Alonzo Julius Tullar:
..... +Anna Jane Dignum b: May 1847 in Detroit, Michigan d: May 07, 1932 in Storm Lake, Buena Vista, Iowa
. 2  Meleca Tuller b: 1851 in prob. Vermont, United States
. 2  [2] Charles Clarence Tuller b: January 11, 1858 in Canada d: April 28, 1931 in Waterloo, Black Hawk, Iowa
..... +E Unknown b: 1862 in Illinois d: Aft. 1880 in Fort Dodge, Iowa
. *2nd Wife of [2] Charles Clarence Tuller:
..... +Mary Eileen Ritchie b: May 1862 in Iowa/Cook county, Illinois, d: Bef. 1930
. *3rd Wife of [2] Charles Clarence Tuller:
..... +Anna B. Robeson b: June 26, 1865 in Aledo, Illinois d: July 02, 1942 in Waterloo, Black Hawk, Iowa
. 2  Amanda Tuller b: 1860 in Vermont d: 1960
. 2  [4] Itti Tuller b: 1860 in Canada
*2nd Wife of [3] Alonzo Charles Tuller:
.. +Betty Ann Unknown b: Abt. 1816 in United States
. 2  [4] Itti Tuller b: 1860 in Canada
                                                                       

Street lights shine in the Plains of Abraham, a historic battlefield in Quebec City.

It's quite possible it was a family venture.  Albert's father, Alonzo Tullar b: October 1809 in St. Albans, Franklin, Vermont, was on the 1861 census in Shefford Township, Shefford Co, Quebec.  It's located in Southern Quebec.   He later died in 1870 in Rockwell, LaSalle, Illinois, quite close to Wenona, Illinois.

Today, the native language found in Shefford, Quebec is:

Language	Population	Pct (%)
French only	5,345	90.13%
English only	450	7.59%
Both English and French	55	0.93%
Other languages	80	1.35%

Albert's brother, Samuel Tullar,born February 1840 in Tunbridge, Vermont,  was also on the 1861 and 1881 census in Shefford, Quebec, Canada.

Another brother, Edwin Tullar b: April 1840 in Royalton, Vermont, was on the 1861 census.
Brother Alonzo Julius Tullar b: July 1849 in Royalton, Vemont was on the 1861 census
Young brother Charles Clarence Tullar  was born in Canada in 1858, so the family must have arrived a little sooner, and of course he was also on the Quebec 1861 census with the others.

The 4 girls of the family were not listed.  Girls marry, and are hard to track. I'm at a loss with Olive b: 1846, Meleca b: 1851,  and Amanda and Iti born 1860.   I'm presuming the twins were born in Canada.
                                                                 
There were many places that people could cross the border between Canada and the USA. Royalton was right across from Canada, almost.  Lacolis, Quebec is listed as #31.
                                                                       
The Civil War was over by May 9, 1865.  The family moved back to the States and was found on the 1870 census in Illinois and with the Tullars, in Iowa, but not in Vermont.
                                                                       

Boy of 1865

Julia's parents and siblings went to Canada about the same time she and her husband, Abiathar Smith Robinson, moved to Canada as well.  She became pregnant immediately after marrying in February 1852 in Tunbridge, and then had another child in 1855 in Vermont, so must have had 2 boys, Edward and Edgar with them when they moved to Canada.  I've never found evidence of these boys being in Canada, however.  They must have not been on the 1861 census.  Now, where could the  9 year old and 6 year old be?


Resource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_wagon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_Railroad
https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/LibertyParty.pdf
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vttttp/windsor/oldfamiliesroyalton.htm
https://archive.org/stream/historyofroyalto02love/historyofroyalto02love_djvu.txt  I checked this book out of the library and used it heavily.  It's a book on reserve, very special.
Update 10/25/17 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherbrooke

Nadene Goldfoot                                         
The birth of the United States was almost like a miracle considering what civilization was like by 1620 when the Mayflower left Holland with a group of their refugees from England.  These Pilgrims had a view of life they had dreamed of after studying their Old Testament in their bible and had higher goals for their future than they had had in England or Holland.  They were the descendants of a Medieval England where people were not free, but serfs, working the land for a landowner.  These people had religious ideals  that were not being met in England where they had no religious freedom, and in Holland they were losing their English language.  They had to make a choice.  Risk everything, even their new comforts, for a try in a new land.  Reverend John Robinson said to do it.  His son Isaac, followed later in the next ship.
                                                                         

Giving thanks for their life with neighbors, the Indians who helped them survive. "The English colonists we call Pilgrims celebrated days of thanksgiving as part of their religion. But these were days of prayer, not days of feasting. Our national holiday really stems from the feast held in the autumn of 1621 by the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag Indians to celebrate the colony's first successful harvest.

Pilgrims had no knowledge of Jews and their standards other than what they read in the Bible.  Jews were exiled out of England in 1290  by Edward I and would not be allowed to return until attitudes or needs changed in 1655.  Anti-Semitism at its worse had come from their Christian religious beliefs in which the few Jews they knew of were looked on as aliens in England, and because Jews were defiant in not accepting Christianity, so were said to be evil people.  Shakespeare's plays didn't help the situation, either, merely focusing on common attitudes then.  Shakespeare was born on the 26th of April, 1564.  He never met a Jew.
                                                                         
Jews lived almost 4,000 years ago in the land of Canaan which became Israel.  Moses brought a concept given to him through G-d that Jews were to live by,  that would bring harmony in the world.  When I look at what life was like in England only 1,000 years ago, it makes me shudder and thank G-d that I was born today.  Even the Pilgrims lived in a slightly improved world, and they risked their lives sailing in that tiny Mayflower on a sea that was  surely bent on destroying them.  They risked their lives to get onto this land and start a new way of living.  Their goals would be reached and would become a beacon of light in a world of darkness.

Jews had lived in England when their ancestors had immigrated from France and the Rhineland in the wake of the Conqueror, William in 1066 who needed their financial knowledge and connections to fund his military and his castle and church building activities.  It was not a Democratic country.
                                                                           
1189: Richard I, also called Richard the Lionheart, is crowned and London's Jews are massacred. "When King Richard the Lionheart was crowned, Jewish dignitaries who brought him gifts were stripped, whipped and banished from the court. This snowballed into a large-scale pogrom."

  Christian canon law forbade Christians to lend money and charging interest so the Jews were needed for this  part of life in medieval days.  Nobody is out of his mind enough to loan money without charging for it because it was not always paid back.  (Only parents today do such things for their children.)   This brought about trade by lending the capitol needed in which they would charge interest.  This was the ONLY business they were allowed to do.  Jews were forbidden to enter a trade or a craft in England or to own or rent land, so even farming was out.  To do so meant they would HAVE TO become a member of their trade society and swear an oath to the Holy Trinity,  This, of course, kept all people out that were not Christians.
                                                                         

Serfs working land in Middle Ages

Actually, nobody owned land except the gentry, the royalty.  All farming was done as peons who were owned by the gentry.  They really were like slaves, but were even taxed.  Like the USA in the 1800s, most people were farmers.  In England at this time, it was also true.  Most people were living in the country, with England and Wales having about 1,500 market towns where they could bring their products.  Rural manors, owners of the land,  had their Roman-like villas become a farm designed to feed the market.  Ten million sheep produced 40,000 sacks of wool each year for an international cloth market.  London was the largest town.  Next in size were York, Norwich and Coventry  which had 10,000 to 13,000 population each.
                                                                         
The GREAT FAMINE occurred in 1315 and lasted until 1322, starting with a bad harvest in 1314.  This was followed with wet miserable weather for 2 years.  Then they were hit with a sheep and cattle disease.  Many people died but many babies were also born.  Men paid for the hand of a woman in marriage with 5 marks or even 2 shillings.  The BLACK DEATH entered the land in 1348.  Bubonic plague came in an early summer and flourished in warm weather.  Europe's population were also dying by the millions.  It came with an army who were on ships bound for Europe, Africa  and the Near East.

As the Black Death epidemics devastated Europe in the mid-14th century, causing the death of a large part of the population, Jews were used as scapegoats. Rumors spread that they caused the disease by deliberately poisoning wells. Hundreds of Jewish communities were destroyed in numerous persecutions. Although Pope Clement VI tried to protect them by issuing two papal bulls in 1348, the first on 6 July and an additional one several months later, 900 Jews were burned alive in Strasbourg, France,  where the plague had not yet affected the city.                                               

forced to wear a yellow badge

                                                                       

Jews were forced to wear special hats to identify them In 1274, Edward I of England enacted the Statute of Jewry, which also included a requirement of Jewish identification, usually using a yellow badge: Each Jew, after he is seven years old, shall wear a distinguishing mark on his outer garment, that is to say, in the form of two Tables joined, of yellow felt of the length of six inches and of the breadth of three inches.

Jews had been under the protection of William and his succeeding English monarchs, who taxed the Jews highly and treated them like their flock of sheep, always available for shearing, vulnerable to wolves.  The Jews provided English kings, nobles and churchmen with the capital for major projects:  palaces, houses, cathedrals such as Lincoln and Peterborough, and the great monastic building programs like the Cistercian houses of Yorkshire.  This caused attitudes toward Jews to be contradictory.  They were useful and popular with their clients, but were despised and resented for their wealth and financial power.  Jews who entered were not all lenders of money.  This was a few, but the law allowed others to enter as well.  Aaron of Lincoln was one such wealthy Jew who was able to contract loans for cathedrals.  When he died, Henry II appropriated hi wealth including debts to the tune of 3/4 of the annual royal income in a normal year.  Aaron's bullion was shipped to France to finance the English wars against Philip Augustus but sank in February 1187 from Shoreham, England to Dieppe, France.
                                                                         
  The crusading King Edward I introduced the Statute of Jewry in 1275 which made the practice of charging interest "usury" illegal which put the Jews out of business.  The Italians were there also loaning money with interest who were not stopped by this ruling because they had papal protection to take over the banking role.  In the very same year as this statute, Edward ordered  the Jews of Marlborough to move to Devizes, and Jews in Gloucester to Bristol, and Jews in Worcester to Hereford and Jews in Cambridge to move to Norwich.

 In Lincoln, there was a Jewish lady Belaset who lived in the stone JEWS HOUSE, and she was accused of coin clipping and was hung! In fact, it turned out that all the Jews were arrested then for coin clipping.  680 Jews were held in the Tower of London and they executed 300 of them.  Jews were forced to wear the Yellow Badge for  immediate identification.   It was that same year of 1290 that Edward expelled the remaining, now virtually destitute Jews from his kingdom.  Their use came to an end.  They were forced out for the next 365 years.  Frankly, I can't understand why they'd want to live there after all of this.

Christianity entered England by the 1st century but were pushed back with events like the Saxon invasion in the 300s who brought their Germanic polytheism.  The Romans had left the country by 360.  It was Augustine who brought Christianity in 597.
                                                                           
The country was ruled by the royal elite and all others were serfs, kept in this level by laws that even covered what clothing they had to wear to show their level in society.  It was much like India's system.  You were born into a social group and there was no way to leave.
                                                                             

Serfs had to wear identifiable clothing of their station in life

 Feudal landlords of Britain looked down on their peasants with contempt.  The "villani" were lowly people and lacking in substance according to them, who wrote in Latin, not English.  This finally started a rebellion-by small landlords having from 5 to 20 acres who had sheep, cattle and pigs, and also craftworkers and townsmen.  This was in 1381 and was called the Peasants Revolt incorrectly.  They were revolting mainly about taxes, but the clothing laws didn't allow the poor to wear fur; only the royalty.  They had to wear a poor rough cloth to show their station in life.
                                                                         
 It wasn't until 1500 where money accrued meant more than one's feudal status.   Making money meant buying comfort and possessions to show one's station.  In 1481, the will of John Symond of Wickham Market, Suffolk, a barber and wax-dealer, left a feather bed and bedclothes, 6 pewter plates, 12 silver spoons, a wooden chest, 4 metal candlesticks, a brass pot, 5 irons, rosary beads and a saddle and bridle for his horse.  He had had a degree of material comfort unknown to his ancestors.
                                                                   
It was 1620 when the Mayflower sailed for the New World and came to the shores of Plymouth Rock in what would become Massachusetts in 1788, after the Revolutionary War of America's history.  The country with vision wasn't perfect.  The people settling in South before the Pilgrims reached the shores of Massachusetts came to make money.  They wound up raising tobacco and cotton in a very hot climate and quickly decided that they needed some slaves.  They were easily available by dealing with slave ships who brought them to our shores.  In 1833 England had passed a law against owning slaves.  Actually, " only slaves below the age of six were freed in the colonies. Former slaves over the age of six were redesignated as "apprentices", and their servitude was abolished in two stages: the first set of apprenticeships came to an end on 1 August 1838, while the final apprenticeships were scheduled to cease on 1 August 1840. The Act specifically excluded "the Territories in the Possession of the East India Company, or to the Island of Ceylon, or to the Island of Saint Helena." 

 In this way, England ended their ownership of slaves almost 30 years sooner than the 
USA did and without having a war over it.  Half of their country was not in the position of be-
ing dependent on slavery, however.  Those that owned plantations raising sugar were, so
they did face some of the same problems.  
                                                                  

Slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia to help grow tobacco in 1619, the year before the Mayflower left port.  They would not gain freedom until after  the CIVIL WAR in the USA from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865; a war of 4 years 27 days.  This was led by President Abraham Lincoln who came to the realization that owning slaves was against a bigger law than man's and was bent on changing his country.  "Approximately 620,000 soldiers died from combat, accident, starvation, and disease during the Civil War. This number comes from an 1889 study of the war performed by William F. Fox and Thomas Leonard Livermore. Both men fought for the Union."  Today there are people who want to destroy statutes of Lincoln because it was said that he owned a slave at one time.  His revelation brought about the lives of all the soldiers who died in the effort to fight over this decision.  The South had seen their loss of slaves as the end of their livilihood and civilization.  The North had seen the evil of owning people and not paying them for their value.  

Do our children of today understand how bad life was in England to force people to risk their lives in coming to this wild continent?  In 241 short years, we have the life we do today, a far better life than those back in England, even in 1775.  Yet we have to also understand that England had come far in 775 years compared to what life was back then and had remained that way till 1775.  

Resource:Book:  THE TRIBES OF BRITAIN, by David Miles
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Britain
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/william-the-conqueror-invades-england
https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/this-day-in-jewish-history/.premium-1.558352
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833
read more: https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/this-day-in-jewish-history/.premium-1.545064
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands